Philosophy of Science and Scientific Ethics as the Foundation of Professionalism for Primary Madrasah Teachers in the Digital Age

Authors

Umi Ivayatuz Zulva Nurmala Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga
Putri Aulia Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga
Waryunah Irmawati Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga
Muhammad Zukhruf Muwafiqi AL Azhar University Cairo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54471/bidayatuna.v8i2.3787

Keywords:

Teacher Professionalism, Philosophy of Science, Scientific Ethics, Digital Competence, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

Abstract

Digital transformation has fundamentally reshaped teacher professionalism, requiring capacities that extend beyond technical pedagogy toward epistemological and ethical competencies. This study aims to conceptualize Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) teacher professionalism in the digital era through the integration of philosophy of science, scientific ethics, and digital competence. Using a qualitative descriptive library research design, 23 peer-reviewed journal articles were systematically selected from international open-access databases, with a preference for Scopus-indexed sources. Data were analyzed through thematic and qualitative content analysis. The findings indicate that MI teacher professionalism is a multidimensional construct shaped by four interrelated dimensions: epistemological awareness, scientific and Islamic ethics, digital competence, and structural–systemic conditions. Epistemological understanding enables teachers to critically evaluate digital knowledge and mitigate misinformation, while scientific ethics provide moral integrity and responsibility in digitally mediated pedagogy. Digital competence functions as the enactment of epistemological and ethical orientations in practice, whereas institutional structures determine the sustainability of professional enactment. This study contributes to international scholarship by proposing an integrative, value-oriented framework of teacher professionalism relevant to faith-based and comparative education systems confronting digitalization.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ardiel, V., Zaim, M., Thahar, H. E., & Arpen, R. S. (2023). Filsafat sebagai Landasan Berpikir untuk Pengimplikasian Unsur Linguistik dalam Tatabahasa Pedagogis sebagai Kebutuhan Pengajaran EFL. 8(1).https://doi.org/10.24815/jimps.v8i1.23490

Bishnu Maya Joshi, S. P. K. (2024). Analyzing Barriers to ICT Integration in Education : A Systematic Review. 24, 25–45.https://doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v24i1.73325

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Caena, F., & Redecker, C. (2019). Aligning teacher competence frameworks to 21st century challenges: The case for the European Digital Competence Framework for Educators (Digcompedu). European Journal of Education, 54(3), 356–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12345

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.

Daulay, A. R., Islam, U., Sumatera, N., & Islam, P. (2022). Integrasi Ilmu Agama Dan Sains Terhadap Pendidikan. 1(3), 717–724. https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v1i3.75

Diannovianti. (2023). Implementasi Blended Learning Mata Pelajaran Ipa Pada Masa Covid-19 Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. 1(1), 47–59.

Ennis, R. H. (2015). Critical Thinking: A Streamlined Conception. In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Thinking in Higher Education (pp. 31–47). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-37805-7_2

Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2015). Mapping decisions and arguments. Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines, 30(2), 17–53. https://doi.org/10.5840/inquiryct20153029

Farisia, H., & Syafi, I. (2024). Professional Development on Digital Literacy for Teachers in Early Childhood Education in the Digital Era. 5(3), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v5i3.820

Fetmawati, F., Yunera, S., Rahmalita, A. S., Jasrial, J., Nellitawati, N., & Sulastri, S. (2025). Relevansi Filsafat Ilmu Dalam Menyikapi Tranformasi Sosial Dan Teknologi Di Dunia Pendidikan. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan (JMP), 14(2), 162–173. https://doi.org/10.26877/jmp.v14i2.23177

Fitria, A. S. (2024). Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru ( Literature Review ). 2(4). https://doi.org/10.55606/jsr.v2i4.3163

Floridi, L. (2019). The logic of information: A theory of philosophy as conceptual design. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833635.001.0001

Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2(163–194), 105.

Halpern, D. F. (2014). Critical thinking across the curriculum: A brief edition of thought & knowledge. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315805719

Hamida, E., Andika, C., Aroma, N., & Hadevi, M. (2025). AI Sebagai Asisten Pembelajaran : Bagaimana Teknologi Membantu Personalisasi Pendidikan Untuk Setiap Siswa. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business (RIGGS), 4(2), 6580–6585. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i2.1669

Harahap, M. I., Pekanbaru, S. A., & Riau, U. I. N. S. (2021). Teacher ’ S Responsibility In Islamic Education ( Relevance Of Hamka And Hasan Langgulung Thought ). 9, 137–181.https://doi.org/10.36088/palapa.v9i1.1065

Hukubun, M. D., & Kasimbara, R. P. (2024). Character Education in the Digital Age : Strategies for Teaching Moral and Ethical Values to a Generation that Grows Up with Technology. 1(3), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.62872/8958fk80

Kimmons, R., Graham, C. R., & West, R. E. (2020). The PICRAT model for technology integration in teacher preparation. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 20(1), 176–198.

Limongi, R. (2025). The use of artificial intelligence in scientific research with integrity and ethics. SDGs Studies Review, 6, e040–e040. https://doi.org/10.37497/sdgs.v6istudies.40

Lysette D. Cohen. (2024). Integrating Technology In Elementary Education : August, 2022–2024.

Mansir, F., Musadad, I., Yogyakarta, U. M., Islam, U., Rahmat, R., Islam, P. A., & Pendidikan, M. (2023). The Professionalism of Islamic Education Teachers In Learning Management. 8. https://doi.org/10.58788/alwijdn.v8i1.1776

Masitoh, S. D., & Purbowati, D. (2024). Enhancing Teacher Professionalism in Indonesia : Challenges and Strategies for Digital Technology Utilization in the Society 5 . 0 Era. 4(2), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.14421/hjie.2024.42-06

Mudhol, D. A. C. (2025). New Learning Paradigms: A Review of Emerging Trends and Institutional Adaptability. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 10(6), 1601–1614. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9102-0.ch010

Muralidhar, L. B., Sathyanarayana, N., Kumar, V. L., & Santhosh, Y. (2025). AI Learning and Talent Strategies in Transnational Education: Driving Global Leadership With Agility. In Innovative Approaches to Staff Development in Transnational Higher Education (pp. 245–276). https://doi.org/10.4018/9798369391020.ch010

Nabi, F., Vortia, W., & Shardey, E. (2025). Teacher Readiness for AI and Digital Tools in K-12 Classrooms: A Review of Professional Development Trends and Gaps. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 7, 17. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.55119

Notariil, J., Sari, H. B., Made, N., Priska, A., Ningsih, C., Made, N., Kristina, Y., Putu, N., Rismayanti, I., Thalib, E. F., Putu, N., Meinarni, S., Julianti, L., & Mahasaraswati, U. (2024). Digital Ethics And Citizenship Challenges In Cyberspace : An Overview From Perspective Morals. 9(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.22225/jn.9.1.2024.33-39

Nurdiyanto , Islam, M. T., & Marjany, N. (2024). Issues of Professionality and Competency of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Facing the Society 5 . 0 Era. 22(1), 59–78.

Nurviana, D., Husnaini, M., Artikel, I., History, A., & Addres, E. (2025). Epistemologi pendidikan: perspektif barat dan islam. 2024, 173–197. https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v22i1.8782

Nurwataniah, N., Hasan, S. H., & Susilana, R. (2022). Investigating the Effectiveness of the Teacher Professional Training Program ( PPG ) in Improving Teacher Competences. 11(4), 1390–1400. https://doi.org/10.20885/tullab.vol7.iss1.art12

Peechattu, J. (2017). Reflective practices: a means to teacher development. 1–6.

Peters, M. A., Jandrić, P., & Means, A. J. (2019). Education and technological unemployment. In Education and Technological Unemployment. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6225-5

Prawidha, E., & Prasetyo, A. (2024). Konsep dan implementasi digital citizenship education di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 4 Kota Malang. 15(1), 531–542. https://doi.org/10.47200/aoej.v15i1.2237

Qotrunnada, D., Nurmalasari, E., Mubarok, I., & Al Halib, M. A. (2025). The Nature of Philosophy of Science. Bibliotheca: Journal of Philosophy, 1(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.61166/bibliotheca.v1i1.3

Rahma Fitria Purwaningsih, A. M. (2021). Ngaji : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. Ngaji; Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.24260/ngaji.v1i1.10

Redecker, A. (2024). Discussing Transcultural Trainings in Video Conferences: Digital Teacher Education for an Inclusive World. Internationalization of Teacher Education in Higher Education: Theories, Concepts and Practical Approaches of Virtual, Blended and Physical Mobility, 142, 217. https://doi.org/10.3278/I77352W022

Rodriguez, M. C. (2025). How can a spiritual pedagogy in religious education contribute to children’s spiritual growth? International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2025.2450436

Sachs, J. D. (2019). Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability, 2(9), 805–814. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0352-9

Sadikin, Ali. Hamidah, A. (2020). Pembelajaran Daring di Tengah Wabah Covid-19. BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, 6(2), 214–224. https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/biodik https://doi.org/10.22437/bio.v6i2.9759

Sagala, K. P., Naibaho, L., & Rantung, D. A. (2024). Tantangan Pendidikan karakter di era digital. 06(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.53863/kst.v6i01.1006

Selwyn, N. (2022). The future of AI and education: Some cautionary notes. European Journal of Education, 57(4), 620–631. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12532

Selwyn, N., Hillman, T., Bergviken Rensfeldt, A., & Perrotta, C. (2023). Digital technologies and the automation of education—key questions and concerns. Postdigital Science and Education, 5(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-021-00263-3

Shah, P. (2023). AI and the Future of Education: Teaching in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. John Wiley & Sons.

Simanjuntak, M. P., Sinaga, L., Hardinata, A., & Simatupang, H. (2020). Pengembangan Program dalam Pembelajaran. PT. Mediaguru Digital indonesia.

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Tondeur, J., Howard, S., Van Zanten, M., Gorissen, P., Van der Neut, I., Uerz, D., & Kral, M. (2023). The HeDiCom framework: Higher Education teachers’ digital competencies for the future. Educational Technology Research and Development, 71(1), 33–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-023-10193-5

Vinogradov, A. I., Savateeva, O. V, & Vinogradova, S. A. (2020). Philosophical Foundations of Education. 9(1), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v9i1.2389

Williamson, B., & Hogan, A. (2020). Commercialisation and privatisation in/of education in the context of Covid-19.

Zainuri, A. (2006). Level Of Pedagogical Competencies Of State Islamic Elementary School Teachers. 277–290.

Zhang, W., Cai, M., Lee, H. J., Evans, R., Zhu, C., & Ming, C. (2024). AI in Medical Education: Global situation, effects and challenges. Education and Information Technologies, 29(4), 4611–4633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12009-8

Zulkifli, N., Ramdzan, Z., Ali, W., Wan, A., Hamzah, M. I., Razak, K. A., & Zulkifli, H. (2022). Moral Values Application in Islamic Education Teaching and Learning through the 21CE Activities †. 0–6. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2022082022

Zvereva, E. (2024). Digital ethics in higher education : Modernizing moral values for effective communication in cyberspace. 13(2). https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13033

Downloads

Published

2025-10-29

How to Cite

Nurmala, U. I. Z., Aulia, P., Irmawati, W., & Muwafiqi, M. Z. (2025). Philosophy of Science and Scientific Ethics as the Foundation of Professionalism for Primary Madrasah Teachers in the Digital Age. Bidayatuna Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Mandrasah Ibtidaiyah, 8(2), 183–196. https://doi.org/10.54471/bidayatuna.v8i2.3787