The Role of the Habituation Method in Developing Children's Independent Behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54471/bidayatuna.v8i1.3524Keywords:
Child Independence, Habituation, Character Development, Social SkillsAbstract
Independence in early childhood serves as a fundamental pillar in character formation, yet this attribute is increasingly undermined by the rise of individualistic tendencies in the era of globalization. This study investigates the role of the habituation method in fostering independent behavior among young children at Kusuma Mulia Nambaan school. Employing a descriptive qualitative research design, data were gathered through direct observation, in-depth interviews with educators and caregivers, and the analysis of institutional documentation. Findings reveal that consistent implementation of habituation through routine activities, such as arranging footwear, returning toys, and completing assigned tasks without external assistance, significantly enhances children's self-reliance. These practices cultivated decision-making confidence and task completion autonomy in participants. The research underscores the critical role of structured habituation in promoting not only independence but also the broader development of social-emotional competencies. The study offers empirical support for integrating habituation-based strategies in early childhood education settings as a means of strengthening foundational character traits in an increasingly complex social landscape.
Downloads
References
Adolf, V., Yanova, M., Olentsova, J., & Zaitseva, M. (2022). Monitoring of children’s independent work in the system of additional education using digital technologies. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2647(1), 050017. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0104764
Alvandi, F., Amini, M., & Namazi, N. G. (2023). Factors Affecting the Independence Level of 4-6-Year-Old Children with Cerebral Palsy in Activities of Daily Living. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology, 17(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.37401
Braun, V., & and Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Chaudhury, M., Hinckson ,E., Badland ,H., & and Oliver, M. (2019). Children’s Independence and Affordances Experienced in The Context of Public Open Spaces: A Study of Diverse Inner-City and Suburban Neighbourhoods in Auckland, New Zealand. Children’s Geographies, 17(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2017.1390546
Cohen, D. J., & Crabtree, B. F. (2008). Evaluative Criteria for Qualitative Research in Health Care: Controversies and Recommendations. The Annals of Family Medicine, 6(4), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.818
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications.
de Weerth, C., Buitelaar, J. K., & Beijers, R. (2013). Infant Cortisol and Behavioral Habituation to Weekly Maternal Separations: Links with Maternal Prenatal Cortisol and Psychosocial Stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(12), 2863–2874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.07.014
Denzin, N. K. (2012). Triangulation 2.0. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6(2), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812437186
Diercks, C. M., Lunkenheimer, E., & Brown, K. M. (2021). The dynamics of maternal scaffolding vary by cumulative risk status. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(2), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000806
Farella, E., Ferron, M., Giovanelli, D., Leonardi, C., Marconi, A., Massa, P., Murphy, A. L., Nori, M., Pistore, M., & Schiavo, G. (2020). CLIMB: A Pervasive Gameful Platform Promoting Child Independent Mobility. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 19(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2019.2939730
Hunt, T. K. A., Slack, K. S., & Berger, L. M. (2017). Adverse Childhood Experiences and Behavioral Problems in Middle Childhood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 67, 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.005
Ilyas, S. N., & Asti, A. S. W. (n.d.). Implementasi Teknik Token Ekonomi Terhadap Kemandirian Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Tk Wahyu Kabupaten Gowa.
Irhamna, I., Mardiana, E., Putro, K. Z., & Na’imah, N. (2022). Forming Independence in Young Children Through The Habituation Method. JOYCED: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 2(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.14421/joyced.2022.22-07
Kvale, S. (2007). Doing Interviews. SAGE Publications.
Mezzacappa, E. (2017). Executive Function ☆. In Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology (p. B9780128093245060016). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.06001-6
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice (Fourth edition). SAGE.
Ramdzan, S. N., Khoo, E. M., Liew, S. M., Cunningham, S., Kendall, M., Sukri, N., Salim, H., Suhaimi, J., Lee, P. Y., Cheong, A. T., Hussein, N., Hanafi, N. S., Mohd Ahad, A., & Pinnock, H. (2020). How young children learn independent asthma self-management: A qualitative study in Malaysia. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 105(9), 819–824. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318127
Sirois, S., & Mareschal, D. (2002). Models of Habituation in Infancy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(7), 293–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01926-5
Smith, J., Flowers, P., & Larkins, M. (2022). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research (2nd Edition). SAGE.
Spradley, J. P. (n.d.). The Ethnographic Interview. Retrieved April 28, 2025, from https://www.waveland.com/browse.php?t=688&utm_source=chatgpt.com
Toosi, J. F., Jamil, A. I. bin, & Yusoff, M. Y. @ Z. bin M. (2019). Moral Autonomy and Habituation Method: A Study Based on Islamic Teachings. KEMANUSIAAN The Asian Journal of Humanities, 26(Supp. 1), Article Supp. 1. https://doi.org/10.21315/kajh2019.26.s1.3
Waygood, E. O. D., Olsson, L. E., Taniguchi, A., & Friman, M. (2020). The role of children’s independent mobility and social media use for face-to-face social interaction with friends. Transportation, 47(4), 1987–2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-019-10037-3
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitta Nurisma Riswandi, Muhibbatun Nisa, Wikan Sasmita, Afifa Tiariyanti

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.