Remain Results of Network Retail Transactions: Potential Charity in Indonesia

In the modern market or what is usually known as retail chains, most goods are sold with non-rounded price which creates price differences that cannot be translated into any physical value of printed money. The accumulated price differences are usually donated into charities which are managed by certain companies. However, it makes people worried about any indications of management overlap between charity donations and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) due to the intransparency of datas in terms of their financial managements.Not to mention, the unfair distribution of the donation money only resulted into donation receipients that are very centralized in some area9s. Therefore, using conceptual research method with qualitative datas and strong references we try to observe this problem so that this uneasiness of the society about any overlap of CSR distribution and the charity money from consumers can be put into rest.


Introduction
Retail industries are industries that sell goods and services directly to the consumers, particularly daily and non-business goods 1 . Modern retail industries has been rising since 1960s particularly 1964 when Sarinah Building is established. They have shown growth during 1970-1977 with the rise of various stores such as supermarket, department store and hyper market. These retail industries can massively contribute toward Gross Domestic Products (GDP) of the country and opens a lot of job opportunities 2 . This is supported by the population growth, purchasing power of society, and the upper middle class' interest to fulfill their needs easily 3 . Therefore, there is a fast growth in Indonesian retail industries, marked by the vast openings of the aforementioned stores. Some retail brands that has major influences in Indonesia are Indomaret, Alfamart, Star Mart, Yomart, Alfa Midi, Circle K, Mini Mart, Am/pm, Alfa Express, 7 Eleven 4 .
The form of modern markets of what is usually known as retail chains experienced massive growth in Indonesia. During 2002-2006 retail chains grown on average 29% per year. Its growth continues to increase, though slowed down since 2013. Even in 2017, retail chains growth is only 3,7% (Tempo.co.id). The thing that catches our attentions, however, was the online retails transactions. The selling price in retail chains goods often creates price differences with the existing denomination of currencies. Changes 2 Euis Soliha, Analisis Industri Ritel di Indonesia, Jurnal Bisnis dan Ekonomi Vol. 15 No. 2, September ISSN: 1412-3126m (2008 that cannot be translated into any valuable money often offered by the retail chain cashiers to be donated, which in the end will be sent to either the social communities that partnered with the said retail or selfmanaged by them. However, the donated changes that is often called donation funds created discources from many sides, due to intransparency done by the retail companies in managing the donations. In 2015 one of the major retails in Indonesia, Alfamart from Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Coorporation (SAT) management has publicized the donation results and their transferences. The donations are done through foundations who are partners of SAT Coorporation. Solihin as Coroporate Affairs Directors of Sumber Alfaria Trijaya (SAT) explained that the donation activities to these foundations has gotten permission from Ministry of Social Services of Indonesia (Detik.news). From the data that we found only Alfamart that has publicized their donation reports even then they don't give fullthorough reports of them. Not to mention, distribution of donation funds are not exactly equal because it is only centralized on some areas, due to these distributions are done by partners that are collaborating with the SAT coorperation. In fact, if we look at the data of poor societies in Indonesia, many of them are not covered by these foundations, so the potential of these donation funds to improve the overall society welfare are not maximally realized.
Moreover, the donation reports still create an asimetry information that can creates distrust and suspicion in society in regards to the potential of hoarding of the donation funds by these retail companies. The inavailabilities of transparent reports in between of the distribution funds of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that are the responsibilities of these companies as their social services to the society.
That is why, the donation funds need to be managed by certain institutions that hae credibilities so there is no presumptions of the mismanagement between donation funds and CSR funds. These two funds have different definitions and purposes, where donation funds are voluntary meanwhile CSR funds are obligations to create a sustainable economy that covers the interest of all stakeholders. CSR is usually known as charities, although CSR is not only about charities, but CSR obliged the companies in their decision making to consider their damage to every stakeholders including the environment. In short, CSR is a company obligation in fulfilling their needs internally (every involved stakeholders in the companies) and externally (environments that supported the companies growth).
These two funds are part of the companies. Donation funds in retails are consumers changes that cannot be valued in physical money. The collection of the retail donation funds create stigmas from the society. Some people might not care much in terms of the allocations of the money because the value is so small that it does not worth much. However it is different from the company's point of view. These money that consumers think are small, when collected from their massive consumers can be resulted into so much money. That is why, the management of these donation funds has gotten serious attention from certain stakeholders who understand the impact of donation funds toward the society welfare growth.
In 2015, there is a conflict between a consumer and Alfamart. Mustolih Siradj is a citizen from Ciputat who is also an activist of Gerakan Konsumen Cerdas reported this problem to Komisi Informasi Pusat (KIP) to request Alfarmart to publicized documents regarding the distribution of donation funds. However Alfarmart did not give a satisfying clarifications. Even according to Mustolih Siradj, Alfamart donations have indications to be part of the CSR funds of the company, even though CSR should comes from the company profit. This is something that need to be solved and cannot be happened anymore. Alfamart should said that these donations come from society, not from CSR allocation funds.
Meanwhile in the same year, Tulus Abadi who is the daily administrators of Yayasan Lembaga Konsumen Indonesia (YLKI) stated that there are obscurities in the accountability report in regards to the donation funds management which are collected by these retails. However this is denied by the Vice of Secretary General of Asosiasi Pengusaha Ritel Indonesia (Aprindo), Satria Hamad that expained that retail companies has done collaboration with certain foundations and he claimed that the distribution toward these foundations has already gotten permission from both Ministry of Trade and Ministry of Social Services. Furthermore, Satria also added that according to him these donation funds are also part of CSR, where donation funds has been processed professionally so the usage can be said transparent.
Satria's view regarding donation funds are already part of CSR funds is the opposite of Mustalih Siradj's view. By the definition these two funds have different purposes with different fund sources. Because indirectly, donation funds that come to the retail companies are not owned by them, but retail companies are acting as the medium or representation of their consumers to distribute the funds, unless when the retail cashiers explicitly said that the changes are sent as donation for the retail companies. So, it is not justified if the donation funds are involved in CSR funds because CSR funds must come from the companies finances.
Furthermore, there is still a problem regarding the intransparency of the accountability report of donation funds management, except Alfamart which we still found the report unsatisfactory.
Meanwhile the donators have rights to get explanation that these donations are distributed which was mutually agreed upon, and to get assurance that their donations are managed right according to law, as stated in the Donor Bill of Rights.
Hence, the donation funds managements are better separated from the retail the management and supervised by those who have good reputations and networks, so that the data transparency, accountability and also separated obligation does not create assimetry information. Based on those arguments, this research will be focused on BAZNAS' offer as the official government agency who managed zakat, infaq and alms funds to also managed donation funds from consumers. Therefore later when the funds already inputted into the retail registers, the funds then will be managed by BAZNAS which will be distributed to the society in need supported by the wide coverage owned by BAZNAS, in hope that the donation from retail chain consumers can be finally felt by them. The purpose of this research will be focused on offering concept of the retail donation funds management by BAZNAS in every region of Indonesia.

Retail Chains and Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS)
Retail chain is one of the popular form of franchise in modern times. Hariyadi in his research concluded that in 15 factors that are influenced consumers decision to shop in minimarkets, can be summarized into five factors (due to having the highest loading factors in each of the factor groups) named service speed factor, variety of goods factor, location proximity factor, family influence factor, and price influence factor. This research is focused on factors that influences shopping in retail chains.
Siti Arbainah 5 concluded that from that research shows that the way to encourage positive words of mouth in modern market retail chain minimarkets is by improving the main System Quality Attributes that can impose happiness/ delightness to the consumers (Consumer Delight). Additional service quality in which this research will limit to Relationship Effort shows positive effects toward Customer Delight but not enough to encourage it, thus shows insignificancy toward the creation of positive words of mouth. This research position itself to research the research gap on the service quality statement influence significantly toward the Words of Mouth communication, while other researches shows otherwise. This problem is combined with the problem in modern market retail business phenomenon.
Wijayanti 6 in her research shows that traditional retail business within 100 meters from Indomaret gives impact on the decrease of customer numbers, sales turnover, and product diversifications. In 300 and 500 meter radius, the existence of Indomaret does not have that much impact on traditional retail market. This research focused on the impact of Indomaret existence as the retail chain sample toward traditional retail business, particularly in Pemalang city.
From few literatures we found so far there is no researches that tried to analized the potential of donation funds (charity) hoards on retail chains. Researches about retail so far only focusing on the shopping interest of society, shopping factor of society, services quality of retail chains and the influence of modern retails toward traditional retails. For those reasons we are interested to close the research gap by analyzing charity potential in retail chains. On the other hand, researches about the effectivity of charity distribution and minimal potential of hoarding have been researched on BAZNAS research objects.
In a research by Fahmi (2016) Baznas can actually distributed profession alms funds in the form of scholarship for moslem students in need by BAZNAS in Tabanan regency in 2015 by 95%. Therefore, based on the criteria of BAZNAS alms funds distribution effectivity, the effectivity of said program can be said very effective, because the percentage of the program effectivity is more than 90%.

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On the other hand, Mujahidin 7 said the accumulation of alms wealth that has been done by BAZNAS Maron regency, does not fully capable in collecting the real amount of alms wealth that supposed to be collected. BAZNAS Maron regency is expected to continue their effort in maximizing existing alms potential in Maros regency by continue working together with Unit Pengumpul Zakat in every instances.
Bahrudin 8 said that the effectivity of the alms funds distribution in BAZNAS East Java Province in 2013 is 98%, 91% by 2014, 123% by 2015 and 92% by 2016 therefore can be categorized by ACR as highly effective. It means that alms fund distribution in BAZNAS East Java province is highly effective due to the fact the fund distributions are improving every year.
By those research can be proven that BAZNAS mostly succeeded in distributing funds collected by society but lacking in collected funds to be distributed. By collaborating with retail chains we hope that charities done by Baznas can be more effective.

Research Metodology
This research used conceptual research method, where there is a problem in which we analyzed much further until we offered alternative solutions from the analyzed problem.
Problem analysis illustrated based on datas in literatures and other references, where we analyzed much futher to have a conclusion. Datas that are used comes from library study and other trusted sources.

Plan Offer
This research takes Alfamart as the research object for the estimation of opportunity calculation of donation funds management in every BAZNAS. Ever since Mustolih case regarding problematic distributions of money changes in 2015, Alfamart claimed the funds distribution was given to foundations that are accountible, credible, and transparent which has gotten permission from Ministry of Social Services and Ministry of Religion. However these claims are not yet understood and accepted by wide community. This is triggered by the latest incident in 2019 which accused Alfamart using donation funds to support one of the Indonesian presidential candidates. Even though this case has been denied officially by Alfamart representatitves, news like this can appeared again in the future due to the absence of transparency of Alfamart.
Also because of that case, Komisi Informasi Pusat (KIP) and Mahkamah Agung (MA) asked retail chains that perform donations from customers money changes to publicize the accumulation result and distribution programs that they did 9 . Considering every possibilites that might appear due to no special supervision. Not to mention, quoting from tribunnews.com that in a period of one year, donation fund distributions from Alfamart are consist of free distribution of basic foods, mass circumcision, school building renovation programs and elementary student supplies help 10 . Those programs are actually already enough, although if it is done continuously the shift from poor society to become middle class society might be slowed down. Considering during this decade islam charities institutions are focusing on sustainability of mustahik to become muzakki. The distribution system done by Alfamart also possibly creates unfair distribution, because it is only distributed through certain foundations while Indonesia has so many poor people that does not join in said foundations.
10 Anonim, Alfamart Tegaskan Donasi Konsumen untuk Kepentingan Politik itu Hoaks, diakses di Tribunnews. http://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/201 9/04/10/alfamart-tegaskan-donasikonsumen-untuk-kepentingan-politik-ituhoaks diakses pada 05 Mei 2019. philantropy fund managements to manage the charity funds. We hope when the management already been done by institutions that are focused on their subjects, we can have much improvement in managing those funds. Charity institution that we offer is an official government agency who directly responsible to the president which is Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS). According to article 27 paragraph 2 UU No 23 Year 2011 about Alms Management stated that BAZNAS can cooperate with certain institutions in accordance to national constitution in order to support the function and authority of BAZNAS. This research tries to offer alternative solution to remove society unrest in regards to donation funds management collected by retail chains, by sinergize retail chains and BAZNAS.
Accumulated donation funds by retail chains are sent to BAZNAS to be managed by BAZNAS according to programs that BAZNAS planned. This sinergy are done in every regional BAZNAS in which BAZNAS will distribute it fairly in that every regions. So the distributions are fully done by BAZNAS while retail chains are only as the medium collector of charity funds. After that, BAZNAS creates report that are then publicized in BAZNAS and related retail chains. With that, the transparency of the charity funds can be more accurate and the distribution of those funds can be done fairly to every people in need.

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Following are the schemes that are offered. The establishment of retail companies in Indonesia got much attention from customers regarding donation funds that these companies has collected. As has been mentioned by previous chapter there is a conflict between Yayasan Lembaga Konsumen Indonesia (YLKI) and Asosiasi Pengusaha Retail Indonesia (Aprindo) in regards to the accountability of donation funds distribution that has been accumulated. If we analyzed much further, money changes from customers which has so little value by individuals if collected from millions of people from thousands of the retail stores can resulted into a large amount of money. Therefore, these funds can be one of the potential supporter of welfare distribution in Indonesia. This thing is also supported with the establishment of retail comapneis that has entered so many areas, therefore donation fund sources can be used according to the operational location of said companies.
In this research, datas used are Alfamart owned by AST coorporation. Until the end of 2017 Alfamart already has 13.400 unit of stores, with 8,5 millions of customers and approximately 4,2 millions of customers transaction (Data PT.SAT). Furthermore the expansion of Alfamart stores has gone even to areas that can reached society access. Taking samples from Kendal regency which is one of the many regencies in Central Java. There are 32 Alfamart stores, with 2 stores every sub-districts (kendalkab.bps.go.id). Potential analysis that are offered are correlation between BAZNAS office spread, Alfamart stores spread and also the number of poor people in said areas.
Potential calculation analysis method that are offered is the distribution of society welfare adjusted to regional BAZNAS that covered the poor society needs in that area. Therefore the accountability report of donation funds accumulation and also its distribution can be adjusted to the areas of where the retail companies are established. By that the fair distribution of donation funds can be realized. Following is data of donation funds report from Alfamart in 2016.